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1. Bill (Shadowing)
The bill calls for the establishment of the National Landslide Hazards Reduction Program within one year of becoming law. The program serves numerous functions, including to identify and understand landslide hazards and risks, reduce losses from landslides, protect communities at risk of landslide hazards, and improve communication and emergency preparedness.
Countdown: 10
2. Agricultural Problems (Shadowing)
Agricultural problems due to climate change of normal weather, water depletion and the collapse of soil have become big problems in all parts of the world. Many are now focusing on ethics and family farming as a way to combat these issues.
Countdown: 10
3. Innovative Product (Shadowing)
An innovative new product or service can give a firm a head start over its rivals, which can be difficult for a new entrant to overcome. If the new technology is also patented, then other firms cannot simply copy its design. It is legally protected.
Countdown: 10
4. Urban Forests (Shadowing)
A community's urban forest is an extension of its pride and community spirit. Trees enhance community economic stability by attracting businesses and tourists as people tend to linger and shop longer along tree-lined streets. Apartments and offices in wooded areas rent more quickly and businesses leasing office spaces in developments with trees reported higher productivity and fewer absences.
Countdown: 10
5. Root Network (Shadowing)
The networks of roots that plants use to absorb water and nutrients can encompass a space larger than the part of the plant visible above ground. The nature of these root systems can help plants adapt to challenging environments such as deserts. For instance, mesquite trees can develop tap roots capable of digging more than 50 yards deep to reach water.
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6. Child Psychology (Shadowing)
Within this free course, you will be introduced briefly to the discipline of child psychology and to theories and approaches that have been developed to help us understand and support children's lives by focusing on the individual children. Psychologists can assess changes in their child's abilities over time, including their physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development.
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7. Political Problems (Shadowing)
The course considers the ways in which thinkers have responded to the particular political problems of their day and the ways in which they contribute to a broader conversation about human goods and needs, justice, democracy, and the proper relationship of the individual to the state.
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8. Statistics (Shadowing)
Statistics are indicators of change and allow meaningful comparisons to be made. While it may be the issues rather than the statistics as such that grab people's attention, it should be recognized that it is the statistics that informed the issues. Statistical literacy, then, is the ability to accurately understand, interpret and evaluate the data that inform these issues.
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9. William Shakespeare (Shadowing)
Three hundred and eighty years after his death, William Shakespeare remains the central author of the English-speaking world; he is the most quoted poet and the most regularly produced playwright—and now among the most popular screenwriters as well. Why is that, and who "is" he?
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10. Rates of Depression (Shadowing)
At a time when stress levels are soaring, rates of depression are increasing and the gap between rich and poor is ever widening. We believe that giving can play a positive role in helping people to feel connected to those around them and generate a sense of purpose and hope. When we give, we feel valued, useful and happy.
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11. Tutor (Shadowing)
Your tutor helps you make the most of your time at university by giving you guidance and support along the way. All new students are allocated a personal tutor who will encourage you to get the most out of your course, direct you to other sources of support and help you achieve your goals.
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12. Attendance (Shadowing)
To some extent, attendance at cultural venues and events is influenced by a person's age and the composition of the household in which they live. For example, those people in households with dependent children were more likely to visit zoological parks and aquariums than people living in single person households.
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13. Enough Fluid
Your body is nearly two-thirds water. And so it is really important that you consume enough fluid to stay hydrated and healthy. If you don't get enough fluid you may feel tired, get headaches, and not perform at your best.
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14. Single Research
Rarely, however, does a single research study produce the certainty needed to assume that the same results will apply in all or most settings. Rather, research is usually an ongoing process, based on many accumulated understandings and explanations that, when taken together, lead to a generalization about educational issues and practice, and ultimately, to the development of theories.
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15. Tortoise
The tortoise’s size and shell shape vary depending on where they live. The shell is made of bone and is a dull brown color. Their ribs, backbone and breastbone have become part of the shell, which is why you can never separate the tortoise from its shell.
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16. Department Stores
In this course, we will explore how such things as department stores, nationally advertised brand-name goods, mass-produced cars and suburbs transformed the American economy, society and politics. The course is organized both thematically and chronologically. Each period deals with a new development in the history of consumer culture.
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17. Attendance to Theater
Experts discuss the significance of attending the theater as a civic occasion, associated with the political and cultural achievements of Athens. Through archeology and analyses of contemporary art forms such as decoration on pottery, a picture is built up of ancient Greek theater.
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18. Norms and Values
Members of a culture must conform to its norms for the culture to exist and function. Hence, members must want to conform and obey rules. They first must internalize the social norms and values that dictate what is normal for the culture. Then they must socialize or teach norms and values to their children.
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19. Expression
Expression became important during the romantic movement with artwork expressing a definite feeling, as in the sublime or dramatic. Audience response was important, for the artwork was intended to evoke an emotional response. This definition holds true today as artists look to connect with and evoke responses from their viewers.
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20. Learner Experience
We seek to improve learners’ experience of education at college and help them to aspire, achieve and progress. We must embed equality and diversity in everything we do, both as a provider and an employer. We hope to prepare our students for work, higher education and citizenship by equipping our staff with the skills to meet this agenda.
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21. Natural Environment
The natural environment can be hazardous, and, with increased travel and leisure, people today are more likely than ever to be exposed to potentially life-threatening conditions. Although the human body can adjust to some extent, it cannot cope with poisons or prolonged exposure to extremes of environment.
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22. Emigrants
In the late 16th and 17th centuries, many English, French and Dutch emigrants went to North America in search of gold and silver. But they did not find it. Instead, settlers were forced to support themselves by cultivating crops that they could sell in Europe, like tobacco, indigo and rice.
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23. Humanities
We believe in the inherent value of research in the humanities and social sciences. Our research data agenda is given by the pursuit of new knowledge that will be of benefit to Australia and the world. We offer one of the most comprehensive programs in the humanities and social sciences in Australia and the Asian Pacific region.
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24. New Textbook
This is a new, accessible and engaging textbook written by academics who also work as consultants with organizations undergoing change. It offers a unique combination of rigorous theoretical exploration together with practical insights from working with those who are actually responsible for managing change.
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25. Volcano Behaviors
There were various explanations for volcano behavior before the structure of the earth’s mantle as a semisolid material was developed. For decades, awareness that compression and radioactive materials may be heat sources was discounted and volcanic action was often attributed to chemical reactions and a thin layer of molten rock near the surface.
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26. Hybrid Rice
A new breed of rice that is a hybrid of an annual Asian rice and a perennial African rice could be a more sustainable option. The hybrid rice was able to produce grain for eight consecutive harvests over four years at a yield comparable to the standard annual Asian rice, with much lower costs and labour.
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27. Baby Hearing
Most babies start developing their hearing while still in the womb, prompting some hopeful parents to play classical music to their pregnant bellies. Some research even suggests that infants are listening to adult speech as early as 10 weeks before birth, gathering the basic building blocks of their family's native tongue.
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28. Stroke Risk
People in their 20s and 30s who drink moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol may be more likely to have a stroke as young adults than people who drink low amounts or no alcohol, according to a study. The risk of stroke increased the more years people reported moderate or heavy drinking.
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29. Abortions
The Texas law prohibiting abortion after detectable embryonic cardiac activity was associated with a decrease in in-state abortions and an increase in residents obtaining out-of-state abortions. The proportion of out-of-state abortions obtained at 12 weeks increased significantly from 17.1% to 31%.
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30. Video Games
A study of nearly 2,000 children found that those who reported playing video games for three hours per day or more performed better on cognitive skills tests involving impulse control and working memory compared to children who had never played video games.
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31. Flood Control
We've spent a lot of money over the last seventy years on flood control, and it's protected millions of people and saved us billions of dollars. We've built dams to hold back the waters. We've built levees to keep the water off the people, and we've raised those that were originally started in the eighteenth century.
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32. Macroeconomics
This report includes a huge swath of macroeconomics, such as the effects of tax reform, a new industrial policy, and understanding how to deal with the uncertainty inherent in global financial markets. It also covers key areas of microeconomic policies, such as boosting laggardly rates of productivity.
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33. Committee Gratitude
The committee would also like to express its gratitude to the independent assessors who joined the committee for consideration of each case. Their expertise and advice play a vital role in our work. A list of independent assessors who attended meetings during this reporting year is included in Appendix D.
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34. Window in Painting
We can see from the X-rays that at an early stage of painting, a window was painted at the left of the portrait. It seems that there may have been two windows in the initial design for the portrait or that the window was moved at an early stage.
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35. Psychology
Psychology is the study of cognitions, emotions, and behavior. Psychologists are involved in a variety of tasks. Many spend their careers designing and performing research to understand how people behave in specific situations, how and why we think the way we do, and how emotions develop and what impact they have on our interactions with others.
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36. Political Scholars
Political scholars had historically recognized the social love of the mass media. The impact of the mass media on the election and governing process has greatly increased over the last fifty years. Tomorrow, the mass media will become the "central nervous system" for your society and the major source of public information.
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37. Climate Effects
Changes in climate affect, for example, the plant and animal life of a given area. The presence of coal beds in North America and Europe along with evidence of glaciation in these same areas indicates that they must have experienced alternately warmer and colder climates than they now possess.
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38. Gut Microbiome
Research has shown that the gut microbiome is important for human physiology and health. Disturbances to the composition of the gut microbiome can be associated with chronic diseases such as gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, as well as neurological, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. The human body has evolved strategies to ensure that a symbiotic relationship exists between the microbes in our gut and our cells.
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39. Major Conclusion
Our major conclusion is that the current measure needs to be revised. It no longer provides an accurate picture of the differences in the extent of economic poverty among population groups or geographic areas of the country, nor an accurate picture of trends over time.
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40. Regular Exercise
Regular exercise releases brain chemicals key for memory, concentration, and mental sharpness while lifting your mood and lowering stress and anxiety—all of which contribute to brain health. Studies show that regular exercise helps you manage complex tasks, organize and sharpen your focus which is great for those long revision sessions or particularly complex exam questions.
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41. Mature Tree
The wonderful framework of mature trees creates a secluded, enclosed atmosphere that unites a great variety of plantings to inspire visitors in all seasons. Spring in the garden is marked by the leafing up and flowering of trees and the eruption of the flowers in the bulb meadows and woodland understory.
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42. Manchester (Incomplete)
Points: About a person who graduated from Cambridge and what his position was. He lived in Manchester, and died there.
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43. Personal Libraries (Shadowing)
Scholars build their own personal libraries to support not only particular projects but also general reading in their field. They buy or make photocopies of materials when possible, so they can consult them frequently, mark pages and write annotations on them. When moving into a new field, they add to their collections, usually concentrating on primary texts.
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44. Summerhill School (Shadowing)
Summerhill School was regarded with considerable suspicion by the educational establishment. Lessons were optional for pupils at the school, and the governance of the school was carried out by a School Council, of which all the pupils and staff were members, with everyone having equal voting rights.
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45. Paraphrasing (Incomplete)
Points: We define paraphrasing as putting a passage from an author into your own words. However, what are your own words? How different must your paraphrase be from the original? The answer is it should be considerably different. The whole point of paraphrasing is to show you have read and understood another person's ideas and can summarize them in your own writing style rather than borrowing their phrases. If you just change a few words or add some bits of your own to an otherwise reproduced passage, you will probably be penalized for plagiarism. You should aim to condense and simplify a writer's ideas and describe them using different sentence structures and expressions.
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46. Language Diversity (Shadowing)
Despite a number of events in recent years devoted to language diversity, language endangerment, and multilingualism, such as the International Year of Languages, public awareness of the issues is still remarkably limited. Only one in four of the population know that half the languages of the world are so seriously endangered that they are unlikely to survive the present century.
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47. Labor Migration
Most countries are affected by labor migration. In many rural places, the traditional extended family has been undermined by the need for family members to migrate to towns as an economic necessity. Migration, therefore, presents a major challenge everywhere to social and economic policy.
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48. Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence has been one of the most controversial domains of inquiry in computer science since it was first proposed in the 1950s. It is defined as the part of computer science concerned with designing systems that exhibit characteristics associated with human intelligence such as understanding language, learning, reasoning, and solving problems.
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49. Spanish and French (Incomplete)
Points: Spanish is one of the languages that are most spoken in the United States. ... French is very common in American.
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50. Low-Earth Orbit
“Low-Earth orbit is now more accessible for more people to experience the wonders of space,” tweeted NASA administrator Bill Nelson, who was a congressman when he hitched a ride on a space shuttle decades ago.
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51. Ed Tech (B) (Incomplete)
Points: Today, however, Skinner’s heirs are forcing the skeptics to think again. Backed by billionaire techies such as Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates, schools around the world are using new software to "personalize" learning. This could help hundreds of millions of children stuck in dismal classes—but only if edtech boosters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. To succeed, edtech must be at the service of teaching, not the other way around.
Countdown: 10
52. Roman
The Roman state was tested almost to destruction by the defeat at Cannae by the Carthaginians led by Hannibal—and according to the historian Polybius, it was only what he called the “peculiar virtues” of the Roman constitution that allowed it to survive this crisis.
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53. English Colonies
English colonies emerged along the eastern seaboard for a variety of reasons. People, primarily men, originally migrated to Virginia to find gold and silver to make a quick profit. After it became evident that there were no precious metals in the area, men came to Virginia to start cultivating cash crops like tobacco.
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54. Credit Cards (Incomplete)
Points: credit cards used instead of cash, benefits and problems.
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55. Sandra Lousada (Incomplete)
Points: London's National Portrait Gallery is currently celebrating the fifty-year career of photographer Sandra Lousada. The twenty-one portraits on display depict key figures in literature, film and fashion from the early 1960s. Subsequent to the acquisition of forty portraits by Lousada, the display at The National Portrait Gallery highlights shots taken between 1960 and 1964, many of which feature in Lousada's book Public Faces Private Places (2008). Formal commissioned portraits are shown alongside behind-the-scenes photographs taken on film sets and unguarded portraits of sitters captured at home.
Countdown: 10
56. Interdisciplinary Studies (Incomplete)
Points: Interdisciplinarity or interdisciplinary studies involves the combination of two or more academic disciplines into one activity (e.g., a research project). It draws knowledge from several other fields like sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics, etc. It is about creating something by thinking across boundaries. It is related to an interdiscipline or an interdisciplinary field, which is an organizational unit that crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs and professions emerge.
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57. Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, physiological mechanisms and evolution. Certain unifying concepts consolidate it into a single and coherent field that recognizes genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels creation and extinction.
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58. Deaf Children (Shadowing)
Deaf children learning a sign language could certainly pursue the development of listening and spoken language skills if desired, and doing so would carry much less risk knowing the child would have mastery in at least one language. If a child does not succeed in mastering either a spoken language or a sign language, we must then ask how much benefit the child derived from interventions in each language relative to the amount of time and resources dedicated to those interventions.
Countdown: 10
59. Natural Networks (Incomplete)
Points: Neural networks are some of the most important tools in AI. So far, they run on traditional processors in the form of adaptive software, but experts are working on an alternative concept—the 'neuromorphic computer'. In this case, neurons are not simulated by software but reconstructed in hardware components. A team of researchers has now demonstrated a new approach to such hardware—targeted magnetic waves that are generated and divided in micrometer-sized wafers.
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60. Different Dimensions (Shadowing)
The fact is that those different types of services affect many different dimensions of well-being of people. And defining human well-being is also extremely challenging. However, we identified that there are certain items providing basic material for life, whether it is food, shelter or happiness.
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61. Microscopic Invaders (Shadowing)
We all know about bacteria, viruses and microscopic protozoa. We can watch the way that these tiny agents move into our bodies and damage our organs. We have a growing understanding of how our body mounts defensive strategies that fight off these invaders, and have built some clever chemicals that can help mount an assault on these bio-villains.
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62. Credit Unions (Shadowing)
Credit unions are nonprofit organizations that were imported to the United States from Germany in the early 1900s. They were regulated in 1934 by the Federal Credit Union Act, which limits membership to "groups having a common bond of occupation or association". Groups from particular geographical areas also were eligible to join credit unions.
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63. Legal System (Shadowing)
This course provides an introduction to the history and development of the British legal system. Its aim is to describe the evolution of the Common Law of England, the legal system of England and to introduce you to the study of constitutions as law, and to the legal aspects of constitutional systems of government.
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64. Closure Activities (Shadowing)
Closure activities allow participants to consolidate learning, say goodbye to group mates, and attend to any unfinished business prior to the ending of the group experience. Generally, these activities involve some reflection upon what has been learned or accomplished during the preceding time together and a sharing of those thoughts or insights with other participants.
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65. Stone Tools (Incomplete)
Points: Modern humans arrived in westernmost Europe 41,000 to 38,000 years ago—about 5,000 years earlier than previously known—according to an international team of researchers that discovered stone tools used by modern humans dated to the earlier time period in a cave near the Atlantic coast of central Portugal. The tools document the presence of modern humans at a time when Neanderthals were thought to be present in the region.
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66. Executive Order
But on May 3, a couple of weeks later, Lincoln issued an executive order calling for 43,000 three-year volunteers for the army, and also increasing the size of the regular army and navy by 40,000 men. Both of these actions were in apparent violation of the constitution.
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67. Ponds
There are many kinds of pond, but nearly all are small bodies of shallow, stagnant water in which plants with roots can grow. Water movement is slight and temperatures fluctuate widely. The wealth of plants ensures that during daylight hours oxygen is plentiful. However, at night, when photosynthesis no longer takes place, oxygen supplies can fall very low.
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68. Information Technology (Shadowing)
The emergence of information technology has created new products, processes and distribution systems. New products include the computer, the Internet and digital TV; new processes include Internet banking, automated inventory control and automated teller machines; and new distribution systems include cable and satellite TV.
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69. Black Swan (B) (Shadowing)
Before the discovery of Australia, people in the old world were convinced that all swans were white, an unassailable belief as it seemed completely confirmed by empirical evidence. The sighting of the first black swan might have been an interesting surprise for a few scientists, but that is not where the significance of the story lies.
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70. Man-made Light (Shadowing)
Have you ever pictured a world without light? Just think how much we rely on man-made light sources in our lives. Without engineers, we wouldn't be able to live the way we do. No street lights, no TV, no computer display, no house lights. Engineers design and build all these things, and they also design, build and run the electricity systems that power all these light sources.
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71. Only Family (Shadowing)
Imagine living all your life as the only family on your street. Then, one morning, you open the front door and discover houses all around you. You see neighbors tending their gardens and children walking to school. Where did all the people come from? What if the answer turned out to be that they had always been there—you just hadn't seen them?
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72. Online Shopping (Shadowing)
A unique characteristic of online shopping environments is that they allow vendors to create retail interfaces with highly interactive features. One desirable form of interactivity from a consumer perspective is the implementation of sophisticated tools to assist shoppers in their purchase decisions by customizing the electronic shopping environment to their individual preferences.
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73. Beauty Contests (Shadowing)
Beauty contests, whether it's Miss Universe or Miss Teen International, are demeaning to women and out of sync with the times. Opponents say that they are nothing more than symbols of decline. Since Australians Jennifer Hawkins and Lauryn Eagle were crowned Miss Universe and Miss Teen International respectively, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in beauty pageants in this country.
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74. Companies (Shadowing)
Companies will want to be known not just for the financial results they generate, but equally for the imprint they leave on society as a whole. First, ensuring that their products contribute positively. Second, operating in a way that approaches a "net-neutral" impact to the natural environment. And third, cherishing their people.
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75. Hazard Assessment (Shadowing)
A Hazard Assessment should be performed for work involving distillations of organic liquids and should thoroughly address issues relating to residual water and possible decomposition of the solvent in question, as well as the physical placement of the distillation apparatus and heating equipment to be employed.
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76. Business School Admission (Shadowing)
Business school admissions officers said the new drive to attract younger students was in part the result of a realization that they had inadvertently limited their applicant pool by requiring several years’ work experience. Talented students who might otherwise have gone to business school instead opted for a law or policy degree because they were intimidated by the expectation of work experience.
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77. Elephant (Shadowing)
The elephant is the largest living land mammal. During evolution, its skeleton has greatly altered from the usual mammal design for two main reasons. One is to cope with the great weight of huge grinding cheek teeth and elongated tusks, making the skull particularly massive. The other is to support the enormous bulk of such a huge body.
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78. Shrimp Farm (Shadowing)
Shrimp farmers used to hold animals in nursery ponds for 30 to 60 days; now they try to move them into grow-out ponds in less than 30 days. This reduces stress on the animals and dramatically increases survivals in the grow-out ponds. Many farms that abandoned nursery ponds have gone back to them, and the results have been surprisingly positive. They're using the old, uncovered, earthen, nursery ponds.
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79. Bookkeeper Fraud (Shadowing)
A national study into fraud by bookkeepers employed at small and medium-sized businesses uncovered 65 instances of theft in more than five years, with more than thirty-one million dollars stolen. Of the cases identified by the research, 56 involved women and nine instances involved men. However, male bookkeepers who defrauded their employer stole three times, on average, the amount that women stole.
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80. Restaurant Location (Shadowing)
The physical location of a restaurant in the competitive landscape of the city has long been known as a major factor in its likely success or failure. Once restaurants are established in such environments they can do little about their location. All they can do is work to improve customer access to their premises.
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81. Brain Development
Scientific studies show that by age three there is a gap in brain development between kids who read aloud and those who do not, and children from low-income families are disproportionately impacted by this gap. Making sure all parents know the importance of reading aloud to their children is critical to closing the achievement gap.
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82. Black Swan
Before European explorers had reached Australia, it was believed that all swans were white. Dutch mariner Antonie Caen was the first to be amazed at the sight of Australia's black swans on Shark Bay in 1636. Explorer Willem de Vlamingh captured two of these creatures on Australia’s Swan River and returned with them to Europe to prove their existence. From that point on, black swans and Australia have been closely linked.
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83. Legal Writing (Shadowing)
Legal writing is usually less discursive than writing in other humanities subjects, and precision is more important than variety. Sentence structure should not be too complex; it is usually unnecessary to make extensive use of adjectives or adverbs, and consistency of terms is often required.
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84. Russia (Shadowing)
Long isolated from Western Europe, Russia grew up without participating in the developments like the Reformation that many Russians taking pride in their unique culture find dubious value. Russia is, as a result, the most unusual member of the European family, if indeed it is European at all. The question is still open to debate, particularly among Russians themselves.
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85. Blue (B)
Blue is the most popular color. Food researchers disagree: when humans searched for food, they learned to avoid toxic or spoiled objects, which were often blue, black, or purple. When food dyed blue is served to study subjects, they lose appetite.
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86. Difficult Conversations
Surprisingly, despite what appear to be infinite variations, all difficult conversations share a common structure. When you’re caught up in the details and anxiety of a particular difficult conversation, this structure is hard to see. But understanding that structure is essential to improve how you handle your most challenging conversations.
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87. Carbon Dioxide Emission (Shadowing)
When countries assess their annual carbon dioxide emissions, they count up their cars and power stations, but bush fires are not included—presumably because they are deemed to be events beyond human control. In Australia, Victoria alone sees several hundred thousand hectares burn each year; in both 2004 and the present summer, the figure has been over 1 million hectares.
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88. Facebook (Incomplete)
Points: Facebook has defended itself against claims that using the site can damage wellbeing and mental health. In a blog post, it said that while there was evidence it could negatively affect mood, the way it affected people was determined by how they used it. Facebook's downsides could be combated by making more use of the site and interacting positively. A social media expert said the way Facebook was built made it hard to use it in those better ways.
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89. Cup Village
The government is still not sure whether its alternative idea for Auckland's America's Cup Village is viable, a week out from the start of the planning approval process. Auckland Council is seeking approval to build eight bases across three wharves, but the government was in favour of focusing on the semiindustrial Wynyard Point, to lessen the extension of wharves.
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90. Lunar Events (Incomplete)
Points: Three unusual lunar events will coincide on Wednesday night: a blue moon, a super moon and a blood moon. A blue moon signifies two new moons during the same month because the moon's orbit does not coincide completely with the calendar. A super moon is when the moon gets closest to Earth. And a blood moon or total lunar eclipse happens when the Earth, sun and moon are all lined up, making the moon appear red.
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91. Bacteria
The number one biggest difference between the bacteria in your body and the cells making up your body are these tiny cellular components called organelles. You’ve actually learned a lot about organelles in other lessons without knowing it. Organelles are simply membrane-bound compartments within a cell, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, golgi, and endoplasmic reticulum.
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92. Space Lab (Incomplete)
Points: We've outfitted it with the space lab built by our European partners and used it before the era of the space station to do scientific research. We used it as part of our partnership with the Russians, which is still continuing—first as part of the Mir space station, where we actually prolonged the useful life of Mir by several years through logistical supply visits with the shuttle. And now, of course, we're using it to build the new international space station, which is a huge international partnership.
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93. Co-evolutionary Relationship (Incomplete)
Points: The co-evolutionary relationship between cows and grass is one of nature's underappreciated wonders; it also happens to be the key to understanding just about everything about modern meat. For the grasses, which have evolved to withstand the grazing of ruminants, the cow maintains and expands their habitat by preventing trees and shrubs from gaining a foothold and hogging the sunlight; the animal also spreads grass seed, plants it with its hooves, and then fertilizes it with its manure.
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94. Vanilla (Shadowing)
The uniquely scented flavor of vanilla is second only to chocolate in popularity on the world’s palate. It’s also the second most expensive spice after saffron. But highly labor-intensive cultivation methods and the plant’s temperamental life cycle and propagation mean production on a global scale is struggling to keep up with the increasing demand for the product.
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95. Augustus (Shadowing)
Augustus was given the powers of an absolute monarch, but he presented himself as the preserver of republican traditions. He treated the Senate, or state council, with great respect, and was made Consul year after year. He successfully reduced the political power of the army by retiring many soldiers, but giving them land or money to keep their loyalty.
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96. Cup Class Boats (Incomplete)
Points: At the end of this year, we will launch the cup class boats. These will be about twice the power. The sailors are down in cockpits, unlike today. A lot of power is being generated by these four grinders that are providing hydraulic power, and that energy is being used to control the flying surface, the hydrofoil and is also being used to control the wing and the flaps, effectively the engine, of what we have.
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97. Life Expectancy
Life expectancy has increased dramatically in the last century. Most people these days will live for over 70 years. This is more than double the lifespan of the average human in the seventeenth century. We can attribute our longevity to advances in medicine and lifestyle. While everyone agrees that living longer is wonderful, overpopulation is becoming a serious environmental concern.
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98. Tool-user (Incomplete)
Points: The human animal's status as the only clever tool-user who can talk about our feelings is crumbling. Prairie dogs can make up words for new animals. Crows are born with the ability to make tools. Elephants recognise and stroke the bones of a lost family member. As biologists delve into these subjects, they're demonstrating that we're not nearly as unique as we once thought. It's the perfect time, scientifically speaking, to reassess our place in the animal kingdom.
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99. Undesirable Programs (Incomplete)
Points: Parents can communicate their personal feelings about undesirable programs both by discouraging their children from watching them and by writing to their local television station or to the programs’ sponsors. The public does have a voice. Clearly, not all programs need to please everybody. We do have a choice of programs and we also have a choice, for ourselves and at least for our younger children, of watching or not watching. There is an off button on every set!
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100. Wildlife (Shadowing)
But they did find something that had a much bigger impact on wildlife: habitat quality. The best predictor of wildlife abundance was not human activity, but factors like forest connectivity, nearby housing density, and the amount of adjacent agriculture. The results were published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.
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101. Global Management (Shadowing)
The one-year program of the master in global management is designed only for those who have the graduate degree in the thesis. It increases the temporary skill of new managers in an international capacity, something that recruiters are looking for more and more.
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102. Blue (Shadowing)
While blue is one of the most popular colors, it is one of the least appetizing. Food researchers say that when humans searched for food, they learned to avoid toxic or spoiled objects, which were often blue, black, or purple. When food dyed blue is served to study subjects, they lose appetite.
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103. A Book
So, as much as this is a book about the experience of traveling—the contemplation of cities that are vast in scale and villages that are as remote and strange as anything Westerners are ever likely to encounter—it is also a book that tries to describe another kind of journey.
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104. Furniture
There are perhaps three ways of looking at furniture: some people see it as purely functional and useful, and don't bother themselves with aesthetics; others see it as essential to civilized living and are concerned with design and how the furniture will look in a room—in other words, function combined with aesthetics; and yet others see furniture as a form of art.
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105. Integration
Currently, integration is increasingly needed in the business environment. This need emerges from the efficiency and synergy requirements necessary in a complex and turbulent environment. In other words, integration is needed to facilitate coordination, which is again related to the building of competitive advantage.
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106. Business Climate
The climate for doing business improved in Egypt more than in any other country last year, according to a global study that revealed a wave of company-oriented reforms across the Middle East. The World Bank rankings, which look at business regulations, also showed that the pace of business reforms in Eastern Europe was overtaking East Asia.
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107. Chinese Hackers
The Office of Personnel Management was the target of the attack, but data from nearly every government agency was stolen. U.S. investigators say they believe Chinese hackers were behind the breach.
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108. Radio Burst
First discovered in 2007, 'fast radio burst' continue to defy explanation. These cosmic chirps last for a thousandth of a second. The characteristics of the radio pulses suggested that they came from galaxies billions of light-years away. However, new work points to a much closer origin—flaring stars within our own galaxy.
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109. Akimbo (Shadowing)
Akimbo, this must be one of the odder-looking words in the language and puzzles us in part because it doesn't seem to have any relatives. What's more, it is now virtually a fossil word, until recently almost invariably found in arms akimbo, a posture in which a person stands with hands on hips and elbows sharply bent outward, one signaling impatience, hostility, or contempt.
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110. Yellow
Yellow is considered the most optimistic color. Yet surprisingly, people lose their tempers more often in yellow rooms and babies cry more in them. The reason may be that yellow is the hardest color for eyes to take in. So it can be overpowering if overused.
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111. Tesla & Edison (Shadowing)
Tesla actually worked for Edison early in his career. Edison offered to pay him the modern equivalent of a million dollars to fix the problems he was having with his DC generators and motors. Tesla fixed Edison's machines and when he asked for the money he was promised, Edison laughed him off and said, "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor."
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112. Lincoln (Shadowing)
Lincoln's apparently radical change of mind about his war power to emancipate slaves was caused by the escalating scope of war, which convinced him that any measure to weaken the Confederacy and strengthen the Union war effort was justifiable as a military necessity.
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113. Student's Reading
The student's reading in his own subject slows down, and his comprehension becomes less secure. He expresses himself slowly and often fails to convey his ideas exactly. He is disappointed to find that under pressure he makes a lot of unnecessary mistakes in areas where he knows the correct language forms.
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114. Learning English
In the past, naming English as a separate subject seemed relatively easy. The textbook selected and graded items of language were put into content and then practiced intensively. New items were carefully controlled so that students could cope quite easily. Now English is used as a medium of instruction.
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115. A University
A university is a lot more than just classes and exams. University is a concept that offers you a host of possibilities to develop both academically and personally. Find out about the different projects, clubs, and societies that are in your university. You will definitely find something you are interested in.
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116. Domestication
Domestication is an evolutionary, rather than a political development. Animals were more likely to survive and prosper in an alliance with humans than on their own. Humans provided the animals with food and protection, in exchange for which the animals provided humans with their milk, eggs and yes— their flesh.
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117. Shakespeare (Shadowing)
A young man from a small provincial town—a man without independent wealth, without powerful family connections and without a university education—moved to London in the late 1580s and, in a remarkably short time, became the greatest playwright not only of his age but of all time. How was this achievement of magnitude made? How did Shakespeare become Shakespeare?
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118. Alphabet (Shadowing)
The problem begins with the alphabet itself. Building a spelling system for English using letters that come from Latin—despite the two languages not sharing exactly the same set of sounds—is like building a playroom using an IKEA office set.
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