Revision of Singular and Plural

Singular nouns refer to one (एकवचन एक को दर्शाता है), while plural nouns refer to more than one (बहुवचन एक से अधिक को दर्शाता है). Learning how to change singular nouns into plural nouns is essential for basic grammar. Here are some common rules (सामान्य नियम):

Rule 1: Add "s" to the singular noun to form the plural. (नियम 1: अंत में "s" जोड़ें)
Rule 2: If the noun ends with s, ss, sh, ch, x, or z, add "es" to form the plural. (नियम 2: यदि नाम s, ss, sh, ch, x, या z पर समाप्त हो, तो "es" जोड़ें)
Rule 3: If the noun ends with "o" and there's a consonant before "o", add "es". (नियम 3: अगर "o" से पहले व्यंजन है तो "es" जोड़ें)
Rule 4: If the noun ends with "o" and there's a vowel before "o", add "s". (नियम 4: अगर "o" से पहले स्वर है तो "s" जोड़ें)
Rule 5: If the noun ends with "y" and there's a consonant before "y", replace "y" with "ies". (नियम 5: अगर "y" से पहले व्यंजन है, तो "y" को "ies" से बदलें)
Rule 6: If the noun ends with "y" and there's a vowel before "y", add "s". (नियम 6: अगर "y" से पहले स्वर है, तो "s" जोड़ें)
Rule 7: If the noun ends with "f" or "fe", replace "f" or "fe" with "ves". (नियम 7: "f" या "fe" को "ves" में बदलें)
Rule 8: Some nouns change spelling completely in their plural form (must memorize these). (नियम 8: कुछ संज्ञाएँ अपने बहुवचन रूप में पूरी तरह से बदल जाती हैं)
Rule 9: Some nouns remain the same in both singular and plural forms; these are uncountable nouns. (नियम 9: कुछ संज्ञाएँ एकवचन और बहुवचन दोनों में समान रहती हैं)

नियम 1: Singular Noun को Plural Noun बनाने के लिए अगर कोई और नियम न लगे तो अंत में "s" लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।

Hindi Meaning	Singular	Plural
वस्तु	Click to show Article	Click to show Articles
अलमारी	Click to show Almirah	Click to show Almirahs
देवदूत	Click to show Angel	Click to show Angels

नियम 2: Singular Noun के अंत में अगर s, ss, sh, ch, x या z रहे तो 'es' लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।

Hindi Meaning	Singular	Plural
गधा	Click to show Ass	Click to show Asses
बस	Click to show Bus	Click to show Buses
झाड़ी	Click to show Bush	Click to show Bushes
बक्सा	Click to show Box	Click to show Boxes
भोजपत्र	Click to show Birch	Click to show Birches
गुच्छा	Click to show Bunch	Click to show Bunches
चर्च	Click to show Church	Click to show Churches
कक्षा	Click to show Class	Click to show Classes
तिरपाल	Click to show Canvas	Click to show Canvases
सर्कस	Click to show Circus	Click to show Circuses
व्यंजन	Click to show Dish	Click to show Dishes
दिखावट	Click to show Dash	Click to show Dashes
खाई	Click to show Ditch	Click to show Ditches
मछली	Click to show Fish	Click to show Fishes
लोमड़ी	Click to show Fox	Click to show Foxes
गैस	Click to show Gas	Click to show Gases
स्विच	Click to show Switch	Click to show Switches
घड़ी	Click to show Watch	Click to show Watches

नियम 3: Singular Noun के अंत में अगर 'o' रहे और 'o' से पहले consonant हो तो 'es' लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।

Hindi Meaning	Singular	Plural
भैंस	Click to show Buffalo	Click to show Buffaloes
जहाज का माल	Click to show Cargo	Click to show Cargoes
नायक	Click to show Hero	Click to show Heroes
हब्शी (नीग्रो सम्बन्धी)	Click to show Negro	Click to show Negroes
टमाटर	Click to show Tomato	Click to show Tomatoes
ज्वालामुखी	Click to show Volcano	Click to show Volcanoes
सिद्धान्त	Click to show Motto	Click to show Mottoes
आलू	Click to show Potato	Click to show Potatoes
मच्छर	Click to show Mosquito	Click to show Mosquitoes

नियम 4: Singular Noun के अंत में अगर 'o' रहे और 'o' से पहले Vowel हो तो 's' लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।

Hindi Meaning	Singular	Plural
बांस	Click to show Bamboo	Click to show Bamboos
कोयल	Click to show Cuckoo	Click to show Cuckoos
चिड़ियाघर	Click to show Zoo	Click to show Zoos
स्टूडियो	Click to show Studio	Click to show Studios
रेडियो	Click to show Radio	Click to show Radios
पोर्टफोलियो	Click to show Portfolio	Click to show Portfolios

नियम 5: Singular Noun के अंत में अगर 'y' रहे और 'y' से पहले Consonants हो तो 'y' हटाकर 'ies' लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।

Hindi Meaning	Singular	Plural
सेना	Click to show Army	Click to show Armies
शरीर	Click to show Body	Click to show Bodies
पेट	Click to show Belly	Click to show Bellies
शहर	Click to show City	Click to show Cities
देश	Click to show Country	Click to show Countries
प्रति	Click to show Copy	Click to show Copies
शब्दकोश	Click to show Dictionary	Click to show Dictionaries
मक्खी	Click to show Fly	Click to show Flies
परी	Click to show Fairy	Click to show Fairies
परिवार	Click to show Family	Click to show Families
नाव	Click to show Ferry	Click to show Ferries
महिला	Click to show Lady	Click to show Ladies
लोरी	Click to show Lorry	Click to show Lorries
पुस्तकालय	Click to show Library	Click to show Libraries
टट्टू	Click to show Pony	Click to show Ponies
उत्तर	Click to show Reply	Click to show Replies
कहानी	Click to show Story	Click to show Stories

नियम 6: Singular Noun के अंत में अगर 'y' रहे और 'y' से पहले Vowels हो तो 's' लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।

Hindi Meaning	Singular	Plural
लड़का	Click to show Boy	Click to show Boys
खाड़ी	Click to show Bay	Click to show Bays
चिमनी	Click to show Chimney	Click to show Chimneys
दिन	Click to show Day	Click to show Days
गधा	Click to show Donkey	Click to show Donkeys
निबंध	Click to show Essay	Click to show Essays
खुशी	Click to show Joy	Click to show Joys
यात्रा	Click to show Journey	Click to show Journeys
चाबी	Click to show Key	Click to show Keys
बंदर	Click to show Monkey	Click to show Monkeys
किरण	Click to show Ray	Click to show Rays
मंजिल	Click to show Storey	Click to show Storeys
खिलौना	Click to show Toy	Click to show Toys
घाटी	Click to show Valley	Click to show Valleys

नियम 7: Singular Noun के अंत में अगर 'f' या 'fe' रहे, तो 'f' या 'fe' को हटाकर 'ves' लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।

Hindi Meaning	Singular	Plural
गाय का बच्चा	Click to show Calf	Click to show Calves
परी	Click to show Elf	Click to show Elves
चाकू	Click to show Knife	Click to show Knives
पाव रोटी	Click to show Loaf	Click to show Loaves
पत्ति	Click to show Leaf	Click to show Leaves
अलमारी	Click to show Shelf	Click to show Shelves
दुपट्टा	Click to show Scarf	Click to show Scarves
चोर	Click to show Thief	Click to show Thieves
भेड़िया	Click to show Wolf	Click to show Wolves
बीवी	Click to show Wife	Click to show Wives

नियम 8: कुछ singular noun की स्पेलिंग में बदलाव कर plural बनाया जाता है।

Hindi Meaning	Singular	Plural
पुरुष	Click to show Man	Click to show Men
महिला	Click to show Woman	Click to show Women
दांत	Click to show Tooth	Click to show Teeth
बच्चा	Click to show Child	Click to show Children
पैर	Click to show Foot	Click to show Feet
चूहा	Click to show Mouse	Click to show Mice
व्यक्ति	Click to show Person	Click to show People
जूँ	Click to show Louse	Click to show Lice
स्वामिनी	Click to show Mistress	Click to show Mesdames
धोबी	Click to show Washerman	Click to show Washermen
अध्यक्ष	Click to show Chairman	Click to show Chairmen
डाकिया	Click to show Postman	Click to show Postmen

नियम 9: कुछ noun, singular एवं plural दोनों दशाओं में एक सामान होते हैं (जो एक बार याद करने ही होंगे)

Hindi Meaning	Singular	Plural
दूध	Click to show Milk	Click to show Milk
घास	Click to show Grass	Click to show Grass
पैसे	Click to show Money	Click to show Money
वर्तनी	Click to show Spelling	Click to show Spelling
कोयला	Click to show Coal	Click to show Coal
चीनी	Click to show Sugar	Click to show Sugar
पानी	Click to show Water	Click to show Water
दृश्यों	Click to show Scenery	Click to show Scenery
देश प्रेम	Click to show Patriotism	Click to show Patriotism
लिंगभेद	Click to show Sexism	Click to show Sexism
लालच	Click to show Greed	Click to show Greed
फर्नीचर	Click to show Furniture	Click to show Furniture
जानकारी	Click to show Information	Click to show Information
स्पष्टता	Click to show Clarity	Click to show Clarity
ईमानदारी	Click to show Honesty	Click to show Honesty
ज्ञान	Click to show Knowledge	Click to show Knowledge
आभूषण	Click to show Jewellery	Click to show Jewellery
सबूत	Click to show Evidence	Click to show Evidence
बीमा	Click to show Insurance	Click to show Insurance
समाचार	Click to show News	Click to show News
पशु	Click to show Livestock	Click to show Livestock
जिज्ञासा	Click to show Curiosity	Click to show Curiosity
शिक्षा	Click to show Education	Click to show Education
कीचड़	Click to show Mud	Click to show Mud
मौसम	Click to show Weather	Click to show Weather
जातिवाद	Click to show Racism	Click to show Racism
कायरता	Click to show Cowardice	Click to show Cowardice
गणित	Click to show Mathematics	Click to show Mathematics
राजनीति	Click to show Politics	Click to show Politics
बाल/बालों	Click to show Hair	Click to show Hair
पारी	Click to show Innings	Click to show Innings
कविता	Click to show Poetry	Click to show Poetry
वर्णमाला	Click to show Alphabet	Click to show Alphabet